Farm, wholesale, and retail beef price relationship

California Farm-Retail Milk Price Relationships

Milk pricing in California is often controversial. Consumer advocates and their organizations periodically charge that retail milk prices are “unfair” or “too high” and call for public intervention in the fluid-milk market. The consumer view is expressed by Consumers Union, which after conducting surveys of retail milk prices in Los Angeles and San Francisco area food stores, charged that large...

a model of iran’s farm-retail marketing margin for beef

high and increasing beef marketing margin leads one to controversy about factors affecting it. this study using the monthly data for the 1998-2005 period to investigate the market power and to estimate how farm and marketing services supplies and retail demand determinants can affect beef marketing margin. the results show that farm, marketing services and retail level prices and thereby ma...

Pass-through of wholesale price to the end user retail price in the Norwegian electricity market

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D82 D83 Q49 L11 L12 L94 Keywords: Price pass-through Norwegian electricity market Price asymmetry Market power Transmission lag In this paper we estimate the pass-through of wholesale electricity price to the end consumer price with variable price contracts in the Norwegian electricity market using weekly data. We find substantial asymmetry when retaile...

Wholesale and retail trade sector.

The Wholesale Trade sector comprises establishments en­ gaged in wholesaling merchandise, generally without transfor­ mation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The wholesaling process is an intermediate step in the distribution of merchandise. Wholesalers are organized to sell or arrange the purchase or sale of (1) goods for resale (i.e., goods sold to other wholesal...

Farm-Retail Price Spreads in a Changing Economy